
TL;DR — What’s The Best Teaching Style For Online Education?
Your teaching style can make or break your success as an online educator. Whether you teach via live Zoom sessions, recorded courses, or coaching programs, understanding your style helps you connect better with students, improve engagement, and choose the right course platform.
Here are the 6 core teaching styles and how they apply online:
1. The Authority (Lecturer) – Great for structured, info-heavy courses.
2. The Demonstrator (Coach) – Combines showing and telling; works well for hands-on training or coaching.
3. The Facilitator (Guide) – Encourages independent learning and collaboration. Ideal for community-driven platforms like Mighty Networks.
4. The Delegator (Advisor) – Perfect for group coaching and peer-driven learning.
5. The Hybrid (Flexible) – Blends styles based on student needs.
6. The Personal Style – Your unique mix, shaped by your strengths, subject, and students.
🎯 Not sure which one you are? This article helps you find your dominant style and how to use it to build stronger courses and communities.
In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from the gods and gave it to humanity. It was a gift that transformed civilization.
Fire meant cooking food, forging tools, building shelter, and lighting the way in darkness. It set the foundation for civilization to grow, turning survival into progress.
Teachers do something similar.
Every time you explain an idea, guide a student, or lead a discussion, you hand over something that shapes the way others think and grow.
Whether you’re teaching in a classroom, selling online courses, coaching live on Zoom, or running a group workshop, the way you deliver knowledge affects how well students absorb and apply it.
Some teaching styles ignite curiosity and inspire lifelong learning. Others may struggle to spark engagement, leaving students feeling disconnected.
How you teach matters just as much as what you teach.
This is why understanding teaching styles is crucial, especially in online education, where attention spans are short and engagement is everything.
In this guide, we’ll discuss the five major teaching styles, how they impact learners, and how you choose the best style for your online courses or coaching programs.
Let’s dive in.
What Are Teaching Styles?
A teaching style is an approach or methodology a teacher uses to communicate with their students to share knowledge.
It’s an intentional style a trainer adopts depending on their target audience, subject matter, and learning goals.
A teacher’s style shapes how students engage, absorb information, and apply what they learn. Some instructors prefer structured lectures, while others focus on discussion, interaction, or hands-on activities. The right approach depends on the subject, the students, and the learning environment.
Research supports this. A study published in the Journal of Effective Teaching found that interactive, student-centered teaching styles led to higher student satisfaction and better learning outcomes compared to traditional lecture-based methods.
While teaching styles differ, most fall into five main categories. Let’s get a bird’s eye view of these styles before we dive deeper.
| Teaching Style | Teaching Approach | Best For | Key Challenge | Best Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Authority Style | Teacher-Centered | Pre-recorded courses, structured programs, certification training | Lack of engagement due to one-way delivery | Thinkific, Teachable |
| Demonstrator Style | Teacher-Centered with Visual/Practical Demonstrations | Software training, creative courses, hands-on skill-building | Students may passively watch without applying knowledge | Thinkific, Kajabi |
| Facilitator Style | Student-Centered, Interactive | Coaching programs, live workshops, mastermind groups | Discussions can go off-track, low participation from some students | Circle, Kajabi |
| Delegator Style | Student-Centered, Peer-Led | Community-driven courses, accountability programs, peer learning | Requires strong student accountability and structured peer roles | Mighty Networks |
| Hybrid Style | Blended, Adaptive | Cohort-based courses, coaching + pre-recorded mix, flexible learning paths | Managing multiple formats without overwhelming students | Kajabi |
Why Teaching Styles Matter (Especially in e-Learning)
According to a New York University research, 65% of students said a good relationship with their teachers positively impacted their studies. 75% found subjects like maths and science fun and interesting when teachers used varied teaching styles.
Clearly, teaching styles directly impact a student’s ability to learn.
But every learner is different.
They come with unique strengths, weaknesses, and ways of processing information. Some excel under structure and pressure, while others absorb more in a relaxed, exploratory environment.
If people learn differently, why would a single teaching style work for everyone? This is why understanding different teaching styles is crucial.
Some methods work best for creative fields, where students thrive on freedom and exploration. Others suit STEM subjects, where step-by-step demonstrations and structured guidance matter more.
Teaching styles also shift based on the audience—what works for college students won’t necessarily work for professionals in a corporate training program.
If you’re selling online courses or coaching programs, the challenge gets even tougher.
Your learners aren’t in front of you. You can’t read their expressions or adjust based on body language the way you could in a physical classroom. That means you need more than one teaching style in your repertoire.
The good news? Teaching styles aren’t fixed. They’re not personality traits that you’re stuck with.
Some might feel more natural to you, but your job isn’t to stick to what’s comfortable—it’s to make sure your students actually learn.
The best educators adapt. They switch approaches based on the topic, the audience, and the learning environment.
To do that, you need to understand the strengths and weaknesses of each teaching style and, more importantly, when to use them.
Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered Approaches in Online Learning
Every online educator falls somewhere between two teaching styles or approaches: teacher-centered and student-centered.
The difference comes down to who drives the learning experience, the instructor or the students.
Let’s briefly discuss the two teaching approaches.
Teacher-Centered Approach: Control, Structure, and One-Way Delivery
In a teacher-centered model, the instructor is the primary source of knowledge. The focus is on structured delivery, where students listen, take notes, and absorb information rather than actively shaping the lesson.
This works well in pre-recorded courses, webinars, and expert-led masterclasses. If you’re teaching a technical skill like financial modeling, this style ensures clarity and consistency. A structured step-by-step walkthrough, where students follow along without interruption, allows for efficient content delivery without unnecessary detours.
But the downside? Minimal interaction.
Without live engagement, students may struggle to stay focused or retain the material. That’s why most online educators don’t rely solely on this approach.
Student-Centered Approach: Engagement, Discussion, and Active Learning
A student-centered approach shifts the focus to the learner. Instead of just absorbing information, students participate, ask questions, and shape their own learning experience.
This is the foundation of coaching programs, live Zoom workshops, and interactive group training.
For example, in a live coaching session for business owners, a rigid, one-way lecture wouldn’t be effective. The real value comes from Q&A discussions, case study breakdowns, and live problem-solving. When students bring their own challenges to the table, the instructor adapts, guiding the conversation based on their needs.
This method drives higher engagement and deeper learning, but it can also be unpredictable. A class driven entirely by student input can drift off-topic or become disorganized without strong facilitation.
Teacher vs. Student Centric | What’s the Right Approach?
The best online educators blend both approaches. They provide structured content to establish a foundation but also create space for engagement, interaction, and real-world application.
A self-paced course might start with pre-recorded lessons (teacher-centered) but include weekly live Q&A calls (student-centered) to keep learners engaged. A workshop could begin with a short structured lesson, followed by group exercises and discussions. Even a webinar, which is mostly instructor-led, can include polls, live chat questions, or audience participation to avoid feeling like a passive lecture.
The key is to match your teaching style to your content and audience. A technical course may need more structure, while coaching and mentorship thrive on interaction.
Understanding when to lead and when to let students take charge makes the difference between a course that simply delivers information and one that truly impacts your audience.
The 5 Main Teaching Styles For Online Teachers [With Examples]
We’ve looked at teacher-centered and student-centered approaches, which define who controls the learning process—the instructor or the students. But these are broad frameworks, not specific methods.
Now, let’s go deeper.
The five teaching styles we’re about to discuss fall within these two broader approaches but add another layer: how knowledge is delivered.
Think of teacher-centered vs. student-centered as the big picture—whether the instructor leads the learning or the students take an active role. The five teaching styles, on the other hand, define the specific way the instructor presents information and interacts with learners within that framework.
Teaching Style #1: The Authority Style (Lecture-Based, One-Way Teaching)
The Authority Style is the most structured, instructor-driven teaching method. The teacher delivers content, and students listen, take notes, and absorb information without much back-and-forth interaction. This style works best when precision and clarity are more important than discussion.
How The Authority Style Works in Online Learning
This teaching style is the foundation of pre-recorded courses, structured training programs, and expert-led webinars. If you’re teaching a technical subject like financial modeling, a structured lecture with step-by-step explanations and screen-sharing tutorials ensures that learners follow a clear path without distractions.
It’s also common in upskilling programs, such as coding bootcamps or medical certification courses, where students need a rigid, well-defined curriculum to master industry-specific skills. In these cases, the focus is on delivering precise, well-organized content that learners can follow at their own pace.
Challenges of the Authority Teaching Style
The biggest downside? It can feel disengaging. Without interaction, students may lose focus or struggle to retain information. This is especially true in long-format video courses where there’s no opportunity for live Q&A or feedback.
Take online summits, for example.
Many industry experts present hour-long lectures to thousands of attendees. While these sessions provide valuable insights, attendees who simply listen without interaction often forget key points within hours.
Without engagement, retention drops.
How to Make It More Effective
If you’re using the Authority Style in your online course, don’t let it turn into a one-way broadcast. Build in elements that keep students engaged, even when content is pre-recorded.
- Add built-in quizzes or checkpoints to reinforce key concepts. For instance, a data analytics course might include a short multiple-choice quiz after each module to ensure students grasp the fundamentals before moving on.
- Incorporate live Q&A sessions or discussion boards. A structured six-week program on AI ethics might have weekly live discussions where students submit questions in advance. This keeps them engaged while allowing the course to remain mostly instructor-led.
- Break up long lectures into digestible sections. Instead of a 90-minute deep dive into Python programming, split it into five 15-minute lessons, each focusing on a specific concept.
In my experience, Thinkific is the perfect platform for this teaching style as it gives you the right course delivery and student engagement options.
The Authority Style is effective when students need expert knowledge delivered clearly and efficiently. But without some form of engagement, even the best content can lose its impact. Structuring your delivery with interactive elements ensures that students stay focused, retain information, and actually apply what they learn.
Teaching Style #2: The Demonstrator Style (Show-and-Tell, Interactive Teaching)
The Demonstrator Style blends structured instruction with visual or hands-on demonstrations. Instead of just explaining a concept, the instructor shows how it works—whether through live demonstrations, case studies, or guided examples.
How the Demonstrator Style Works in Online Learning
This teaching style is a natural fit for practical, skill-based courses where students need to see something in action before they can apply it themselves.
A graphic design instructor, for instance, wouldn’t just describe how to use Adobe Photoshop. Instead, they would share their screen, walk through real design projects, and apply effects in real time.
Similarly, an online culinary course wouldn’t rely on text-heavy slides. It would feature step-by-step cooking demonstrations, ensuring students can follow along visually.
The Demonstrator Style is also common in business training.
A sales coach, instead of just listing techniques, might role-play a cold call, showcasing how to handle objections and close deals.
In a fitness coaching program, the trainer wouldn’t just outline proper form. Instead, they would physically demonstrate each movement, making it easier for learners to replicate.
For live coaching, Kajabi’s built-in video and coaching tools help instructors mix demonstrations with interactive feedback, keeping sessions engaging.
Challenges of the Demonstrator Style
While this style improves comprehension, it still has a one-way delivery element. Students watch and follow along, but they don’t always get immediate feedback. In a live setting, some learners may hesitate to ask questions, assuming they need to just observe and absorb.
Another challenge arises in asynchronous courses, where students may struggle with a step but have no way to ask the instructor for help. Without built-in support, they may abandon the lesson entirely.
The top online course platforms and learning management systems (LMS) help bridge this gap with discussion forums and private student messaging, allowing learners to ask questions even in pre-recorded courses.
How to Make It More Effective
To keep students engaged, blend demonstration with active participation.
- Encourage students to replicate steps immediately. In a video editing course, instead of just watching the instructor adjust color grading, students should be prompted to pause and try it themselves on their own footage. Thinkific, for example, allows you to embed assignments between lessons, ensuring students complete exercises before moving forward.
- Use interactive elements in live sessions. In a public speaking workshop, students could watch a demonstration on body language, then immediately practice delivering a short speech while receiving instructor feedback. Zoom’s breakout rooms, when paired with Kajabi’s coaching features, allow for real-time interaction and feedback.
The Demonstrator Style is powerful because it bridges the gap between theory and practice. However, for it to be truly effective, students need to actively apply what they see rather than just passively observe.
Teaching Style #3: The Facilitator Style (Interactive, Discussion-Based Learning)
The Facilitator Style shifts the focus from the instructor to the students. Instead of simply delivering knowledge, the teacher guides discussions, asks thought-provoking questions, and encourages students to explore ideas on their own. This approach is all about critical thinking, collaboration, and engagement—perfect for courses that rely on group discussions, live coaching, or problem-solving activities.
How The Facilitator Style Works in Online Learning
This style works best in coaching programs, mastermind groups, and interactive live sessions where student participation drives the learning experience. Instead of presenting a rigid lesson, the instructor acts as a moderator, guiding conversations and helping students discover solutions.
For example, in a business mastermind group, the instructor might pose a challenge—”What’s the biggest sales bottleneck in your business?”—and let students brainstorm solutions together.
In a life coaching program, students could reflect on their goals and share personal breakthroughs, while the coach offers guidance based on their responses.
Live Q&A sessions, breakout rooms, and discussion boards are essential tools in this teaching style. Without them, learners may feel disconnected or struggle to stay engaged.
Circle is a great platform for this because it allows instructors to build an interactive learning community where students can continue discussions even after live sessions end.
Challenges of the Facilitator Style
The biggest challenge? Keeping discussions focused. When students drive the conversation, discussions can easily go off track, especially in a group setting. A coaching session on productivity hacks could turn into a side conversation about personal morning routines, making it harder to cover key lessons.
Another issue is student participation.
Some learners thrive in an interactive setting, while others prefer to observe. If a majority of students stay quiet, the class can lose momentum.
That’s why it’s important to set clear discussion prompts and encourage participation from everyone.
How to Make It More Effective
To ensure structured yet engaging learning, try these techniques:
- Use pre-planned discussion prompts. A leadership coach might start a session by asking, “What’s the toughest decision you’ve had to make as a leader?” to get students thinking and talking.
- Balance group discussions with individual exercises. In a public speaking course, students could discuss speech techniques, then record their own speeches for peer feedback.
- Encourage participation beyond live sessions. A writing coach could ask students to share their drafts in a private community, where others offer constructive feedback.
The Facilitator Style makes learning more engaging and personal. But it requires strong guidance, the right structure, and a platform that fosters discussion and collaboration. When done right, this approach creates a dynamic learning environment where students don’t just absorb information—they actively shape their own learning experience.
Teaching Style #4: The Delegator Style (Group Projects, Community-Based Learning)
The Delegator Style puts students in control of their own learning. Instead of leading every step, the instructor creates a structure where students collaborate, solve problems, and take responsibility for their progress.
This method is all about peer learning, teamwork, and self-direction.
How The Delegator Style Works in Online Learning
This style works best for group coaching programs, peer-driven masterminds, and project-based courses where students learn by doing rather than just listening.
For example, in a content marketing course, students might be assigned to small groups, each responsible for researching and presenting a real-world marketing case study.
In a startup incubator program, participants could work in teams to develop a business plan, with the instructor offering feedback rather than direct instruction.
In coaching programs, this approach is often used in accountability groups, where members set goals, track progress, and provide peer feedback. A fitness coach, instead of giving one-on-one guidance to every student, might assign small groups to track workouts and motivate each other.
This style drives engagement and deeper learning, but it works best when students have clear expectations and a structured support system.
Challenges of the Delegator Style of Teaching
One of the biggest challenges is student accountability. When learners are responsible for their own progress, some may disengage, leaving the more motivated students to do most of the work. Without the right structure, team-based learning can quickly become uneven.
Another issue is maintaining quality control. In a traditional class, the instructor ensures students absorb the material correctly.
But, in a peer-driven environment, misinformation can spread if discussions aren’t moderated properly. This is why strong instructor oversight and clear evaluation methods are necessary.
How to Make It More Effective
To ensure students stay engaged and accountable, consider these strategies:
- Set clear roles and expectations. In a business coaching program, you might assign one student as the “team leader” to ensure group projects stay on track.
- Incorporate peer feedback. A writing course could require students to submit weekly drafts for peer review before finalizing their work.
- Use structured progress tracking. In a career mentorship program, students might check in weekly to report progress on their personal development plans.
Since this style thrives on group collaboration, the best platform is one that supports community-driven learning. Mighty Networks is a strong choice because it allows you to create private student groups, facilitate discussions, and track student-led projects—all within a dedicated online space. This ensures that students stay connected, engaged, and accountable, even outside live sessions.
Teaching Style #5: The Hybrid Style (Blended Learning, Adapting to Student Needs)
The Hybrid Style combines elements of multiple teaching approaches, allowing instructors to tailor their methods based on the topic, audience, and learning environment. Instead of committing to just one style, educators mix structured lectures, demonstrations, discussions, and hands-on activities to create a more dynamic and flexible learning experience.
How The Hybrid Teaching Style Works in Online Learning
This style is ideal for comprehensive courses, cohort-based programs, and high-touch coaching experiences. A course on UX design, for example, might start with pre-recorded video lessons (Authority Style) to cover foundational concepts.
Then, students could follow along with a design demonstration (Demonstrator Style) before joining a live critique session (Facilitator Style) for peer and instructor feedback.
In business coaching, a Hybrid Style approach might include structured weekly lessons, followed by group discussions and one-on-one coaching calls to reinforce key takeaways. Similarly, in a language learning program, students might watch recorded grammar lessons, practice exercises on their own, and then join live conversation groups to apply what they’ve learned.
This adaptability makes the Hybrid Style one of the most effective approaches—but only when executed with clear structure.
Challenges of the Hybrid Style
While this style offers the best of all worlds, it can be difficult to manage. Without a well-thought-out learning journey, students may feel overwhelmed by the mix of formats. A course that suddenly switches between pre-recorded content, live discussions, and hands-on assignments without a clear flow can confuse learners instead of helping them.
Another challenge is balancing engagement with structure. Some students may prefer more interaction, while others thrive with independent study. The key is to align the learning experience with student expectations so they understand what to expect from each phase of the course.
How to Make It More Effective
To make the Hybrid Style work, focus on structured variety rather than randomness:
- Create a clear learning roadmap. A digital marketing course, for instance, might begin with self-paced theory lessons, transition into guided ad campaign exercises, and end with a live case study breakdown.
- Use automation to simplify student progression. If students need to complete a module before joining live sessions, the course structure should reflect that.
- Give students options for engagement. Some may prefer joining live coaching calls, while others might engage through discussion threads or office hours.
Because this style combines multiple formats, it requires an all-in-one platform that can handle video lessons, live sessions, community engagement, and automation. Kajabi is one of the best platforms for this approach because it allows course creators to mix pre-recorded content with live coaching, integrate quizzes and assignments, and build a structured learning path that adapts to student needs. This makes it easier to blend different teaching styles without overwhelming students.
What Is Your Teaching Style? Why It Matters & How to Find It
When you understand your natural teaching strengths, you can structure your courses and coaching programs in a way that maximizes your impact.
Knowing your teaching style helps you identify where you might need to adapt. Maybe your lectures are packed with valuable insights, but students struggle to stay engaged. Or perhaps your coaching sessions are highly interactive, but without a clear structure, some students feel lost.
When you recognize these patterns, you can intentionally blend other teaching styles to fill the gaps.
It also helps in collaborating with other instructors. If you’re running a cohort-based program, bringing in guest experts with complementary strengths can create a more well-rounded learning experience.
So, how do you find your teaching style? Let’s find out.
Find Your Teaching Style: A Quick Self-Assessment
Answer these questions honestly:
- Do you prefer to structure your content like a textbook, focusing on organized lessons with minimal student input? → Authority Style (Great for certification programs, technical training, and pre-recorded courses with quizzes)
- Do you enjoy breaking down complex concepts through examples, tutorials, or screen-sharing? → Demonstrator Style (Best for software training, creative courses, and practical skill-building programs)
- Do you thrive in live discussions, coaching calls, or interactive Q&As where students actively participate? → Facilitator Style (Ideal for coaching programs, mastermind groups, and live business workshops)
- Do you prefer to act as a guide, letting students take control of their learning while providing structure and feedback? → Delegator Style (Works well for community-driven courses, peer learning, and accountability groups)
- Do you mix and match different approaches, depending on the topic and audience? → Hybrid Style (Perfect for blended learning programs, cohort-based courses, and high-touch coaching experiences)
How to Adapt and Improve Your Teaching Style
No matter your default teaching style, there’s always room to adjust and optimize for better student engagement. Here’s how to fine-tune your approach:
- If your course feels too one-sided (Authority Style) → Add a discussion forum, weekly live Q&A, or interactive assignments.
- If your live sessions lack structure (Facilitator Style) → Use guided questions, structured case studies, and time-boxed discussions to keep sessions on track. For instance, in a business coaching program, open with a 10-minute insight, then move into a 20-minute group discussion with a clear prompt, and end with action steps.
- If students aren’t applying what they learn (Demonstrator Style) → Include practical exercises, projects, or real-world case studies.
- If engagement is low (Delegator Style) → Make sure students have clear roles, accountability, and peer-driven incentives. For example, if you run an accountability group for entrepreneurs, assign weekly business growth challenges where students must present their progress to the group.
- If your students have different learning preferences (Hybrid Style) → Give them multiple ways to engage. For example, in a digital marketing course, let students choose between watching a pre-recorded lecture, attending a live case study session, or completing an interactive worksheet.
Your teaching style isn’t fixed, you can refine it as needed. The most successful online educators experiment, track engagement, and adjust based on student feedback. Try small changes, test different methods, and find the right mix that keeps your students engaged and motivated.
How to Choose the Best Teaching Style for Online Courses & Coaching
The best teaching style aligns with your students’ preferences and helps them learn effectively. So, focus on who your students are, what you’re teaching, and how they engage with the content when choosing your teaching style.
1. Consider Your Audience
Different learners need different levels of structure, engagement, and independence. Before deciding on a teaching style, ask yourself:
- Are my students beginners who need step-by-step guidance? If so, an Authority or Demonstrator Style works best. For example, in an introductory Python course, a structured, lecture-based format with screen-share tutorials ensures students build a strong foundation before applying concepts.
- Are my students experienced professionals who benefit from discussion and peer learning? In that case, a Facilitator or Delegator Style might be more effective.
- Are my students self-motivated and looking for flexibility? A Hybrid Style may be best.
Ultimately, your goal is to ensure your customers get value and learn from your knowledge. So, any style that aligns with their needs is the best fit.
2. Match Your Teaching Style to Your Content
Certain subjects demand a specific teaching style to be effective. You wouldn’t teach creative writing the same way you’d teach cybersecurity, and the wrong style can make learning ineffective and frustrating for students.
- Technical or skill-based subjects (coding, engineering, data analytics, medical training) → Work best with a Demonstrator or Authority Style, where step-by-step breakdowns, structured lessons, and clear explanations ensure students grasp complex concepts.
- Soft skills coaching (public speaking, leadership, sales, life coaching) → Often benefits from a Facilitator or Delegator Style, where students learn through role-playing, group discussions, and real-world practice.
- Subjects requiring creativity (art, music production, filmmaking, graphic design) → A mix of Demonstrator and Hybrid Styles is most effective, balancing structured demonstrations with hands-on projects and peer collaboration.
If your content has both theoretical and practical components, combine teaching styles strategically. For example, a business course could start with Authority-style lectures on market fundamentals, followed by Facilitator-led case study discussions, and then end with Delegator-style group projects where students develop real business strategies.
3. Test & Iterate
Even if you think you’ve chosen the best teaching style, your students will tell you if it’s working or not—directly or indirectly.
- Monitor student engagement: If course completion rates are low, students might be losing interest. If live session attendance drops, your format might need adjustments.
- Gather direct feedback: Use post-session surveys, in-course polls, or student forums to ask what’s working and what’s not. For example, a language coach might learn that students prefer more live conversation practice over pre-recorded grammar lessons and adjust accordingly.
- A/B test different formats: If you run live coaching calls, try a structured Q&A format one week and a student-led discussion the next. Track engagement and participation to see which approach resonates more.
The best instructors don’t just stick to one style. They adapt based on student needs. By testing different formats and gathering feedback, you’ll refine your teaching approach over time and create a learning experience that keeps students engaged and helps them achieve real results.
What’s The Best Teaching Style For Modern Learners?
There’s no single “best” teaching style. Whether you lean toward structured lectures, interactive discussions, or a mix of different methods, engagement and student results matter more than the style itself.
The best educators don’t just stick to what feels natural. They experiment, adapt, and refine based on what keeps their students engaged and learning. If a particular approach isn’t working, adjust it.
If students struggle to stay focused in a lecture-heavy course, add discussions or exercises. If group learning isn’t producing results, provide more structure and direction.
Teaching online requires constant iteration. Try different formats, track what keeps students engaged, and tweak your delivery until you find the right balance.
Remember, your teaching style isn’t set in stone, it’s a skill you develop over time.
Which teaching style do you use in your online courses or coaching programs? Let’s discuss this in the comments.
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